This book bridges probabilistic risk assessment methodologies and practical application of these techniques to support food safety decision makers. Its approach fits in with the 2008 National Research Council (NRC) guidance on risk assessment that strongly suggested overhaul of the risk assessment process and methodologies to address the appropriate risk-management options effectively and to inform risk-based decision making. The book is organized in three major sections: (1) an introduction to probabilistic modeling in food safety risk assessment and its application in science-based decision making; (2) a description of probabilistic risk assessment modeling techniques—from basic to advanced—that can be used to address a range of food safety issues; and (3) a practical approach to probabilistic modeling that uses actual case studies.