This book summarizes the advances of TiO2 based nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine. The topics of this book include materials properties, toxicological research and biomedical application, such as antibacter, biosensing and cancer theranostics. The uniqueness of this book is that the TiO2 applications are intergrated from physical properties, toxicology to various biomedical applications. More importantly, the black TiO2 based cancer theranostics are also included.