This book provides an overview of the field of biomaterials from its origins to the state of the art today. The various chapters attempt to make the world of biomaterials understandable to the reader. It begins with the history of biomaterials and the birth of biomaterials science in the middle of the 20th Century, something which enabled amazing progress, as well as the latest directions in recent decades. The topics focus on the various aspects and signification of biomaterials from materials to uses and through the required characteristics and properties for different applications.