The microbiology of aerosols is an emerging and new field of research at the interface of different disciplines including microbiology, epidemiology, microbial ecology, physics and chemistry of aerosols, and climatology. The aim of this book is to gather scientists from different domains and expertise to write an overview of the current knowledge in these fields, from the emission of bioaerosols to their deposit, covering both quantitative (sources, fluxes) and qualitative aspects (characterization, biodiversity). This book will also give insights into social and environmental impacts of the presence of bioaerosols in the atmosphere, in particular on human, animal and plant health, and on the physical and chemical atmospheric processes.