Since the publication of the first book in 2009 imaging and image analysis have undergone significant advancements: in just the last few years, with the very recent rise of depth cameras and new 3d imaging techniques, a new edition with major revisions is required to address the current state-of-the-art in image analysis. The new edition reflects the latest rapid developments in 3D imaging technology (CT, MRI, PET and many others) hence the requirement for many new imaging tasks using 3D invariants; a completely revised section on fast algorithms for moment computation, a major part of the book for those who want to use invariants in practice; and the new theory of projection operators which extends significantly the theory of invariants to image blurring. The theory is demonstrated through practical examples of using moment invariants in real applications from the area of computer vision, remote sensing, and medical imaging.