This is the first collective book to capture the mathematical applications of quantum mechanics, including a complete overview of the state-of-the-art of in the spectral theory pf non-adjoiunt operators. that is provided. Appropriate for scientists, including mathematicians and theoretical and applied physics, who apply functional analysis and algebraic operators to their work in comtmeporary quantum physics. With contributions from internationally recognized researchers, this book features the recent emergance of the boundedness of metric operators, which is a serious issue in the study of PT-symmetric quantum mechanics. In addition, mathematical questions that were previously glossed over are now the subject of rigorous analysis, with potentially significant physical consequences. Chapter coverage includes: metric operators, generlized hermiticity and lattices of Hilbert spaces; non-selfadjoint Schroedinger operators; spectral-theoretic approaches to non-selfadjoint operators; deformed canonical (anti-) commutation relation and non-hermitian hamiltonians; PT-symmetric operators in quantum mechanics and Krein spaces methods; and operator integrals, sesquilinear form measures, and generalized eigenvalue expansions.