Incorporating the latest scholarly research in this rapidly  developing field, the third edition of A History of the Ancient  Near East ca. 3000–323 BC presents a comprehensive  overview of the extraordinary multicultural civilizations of the  ancient Near East. Presenting the region’s complex history in  a concise and accessible manner, chapters begin with the emergence  of writing around 3000 BC, and proceed with the origins of the  first cities in Mesopotamia and growth of the Babylonian and  Hittite kingdoms up to the rise of the Assyrian and Persian  empires. Concluding chapters address the transformation of the  ancient Near East by the conquests of Alexander the  Great—with a new chapter addressing governance and continuity  in the region during the Persian Empire. Other updates include a  comprehensive timeline of events, 30 new illustrations, and  expanded coverage of the myriad political events, military  campaigns, and social and cultural developments that emerged  throughout the Near East over the course of more than three  millennia. Another notable update is the inclusion of Key  Debate boxes designed to illuminate differing perspectives on  various critical issues after each chapter. A History of the  Ancient Near East ca. 3000-323 BC, Third Edition, enhances its  reputation as one of the most accessible introductions to the rich  and complex history of ancient Near Eastern civilizations available  today.