This book focuses on strategies and tactics for the efficient synthesis of natural products. The state-of-the-art of the topic covered include economic and protecting-group-free synthesis, computer-aided total synthesis, organometallics-based catalytic (asymmetric) synthesis, biomimetic and bio-inspired synthesis, as well as different classes of organic reactions. Other chapters address chemical building blocks, technologies of chemical and biological space, and synthetic biology. A key part of the coverage is the illustration of how these practices and strategies influence drug discovery - about half the drugs in clinical use stem from natural products - and chemical biology.