Imaging cells and tissues using imaging methods such as automated microscopy or high field strength magnetic resonance imaging provides important new insights into biology. Analysis of these images uses advanced numerical methods and statistical learning techniques. This book discusses the underlying systems biology and is replete with case studies and programming examples. It provides examples of what opportunities biomedical image analysis techniques open up and discusses the challenges that need to be addressed to utilize the resulting quantitative information. By giving an overview of each of the core image analysis technologies it helps the reader in developing a good understanding on what existing algorithms can achieve and what open research challenges are. Finally, it introduces the underlying principles of the different approaches so that the interested reader can embark on the development of novel algorithms for analyzing cell and tissue images.