This book presents various state-of-the-art techniques for estimating both category and numerical variables of land surfaces from a variety of data types (e.g., optical sensors, RADAR, LIDAR). The presentation of this book will be discipline neutral, so students in various fields of study can gain a clear understanding of these information extraction techniques and their applications. This book fills the need for an undergraduate textbook that places significant emphasis on information extraction. Existing books that cover this area are too advanced for the undergraduate level.